{"id":754,"date":"2020-11-08T12:23:08","date_gmt":"2020-11-08T04:23:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/?p=754"},"modified":"2023-08-15T12:55:18","modified_gmt":"2023-08-15T04:55:18","slug":"a-general-introduction-of-chinese-sentences-structure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/a-general-introduction-of-chinese-sentences-structure\/","title":{"rendered":"Stripping Complexity: An Intro to Chinese Sentence Structure"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-secondary-color\"><\/span><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-secondary-color\"><\/span><span class=\"has-inline-color has-subtle-background-color\"><\/span><span class=\"has-inline-color has-secondary-color\"><\/span><\/strong>When you have a conversation with Chinese people, you may find that the structures of the sentences they use are quite flexible. There are many kinds of structural relationships in modern Chinese sentences. A single word can form a sentence, in addition to the sentence composed of a single word, a specific sentence is always composed of certain components, and these components are composed of certain relationships in the sentence. There seems no rules of how they putting the words into sentences. In fact, there is a great deal of flexibility of Chinese sentence structure. It would be much easier to start from short sentence, and understand the basic formula of the key structures.&nbsp; Today, let\u2019s start with some simple sentence structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Subject + Predicate + Object <\/strong><strong>\u4e3b\u8bed\u8c13\u8bed\u5bbe\u8bed\u53e5\u578b<\/strong><strong>(<\/strong><strong>\u4e3b\u8bed<\/strong><strong>\/zh<\/strong><strong>\u01d4<\/strong><strong>y<\/strong><strong>\u01d4<\/strong><strong>&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>\u8c13\u8bed<\/strong><strong>\/w<\/strong><strong>\u00e8<\/strong><strong>iy<\/strong><strong>\u01d4<\/strong><strong>&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>\u5bbe\u8bed<\/strong><strong>\/b<\/strong><strong>\u012b<\/strong><strong>n y<\/strong><strong>\u01d4<\/strong><strong>&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>\u53e5\u578b<\/strong><strong>\/j<\/strong><strong>\u00f9<\/strong><strong>x<\/strong><strong>\u00ed<\/strong><strong>ng&nbsp; )&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The traditional grammar divides the sentence into two parts: the object and the declarative sentence of the object, which are called subject, predicate and object. A considerable number of sentences in Chinese are <span class=\"has-inline-color has-accent-color\"><strong>subject + predicate<\/strong><\/span> and <span class=\"has-inline-color has-accent-color\"><strong>subject + predicate + object<\/strong><\/span> structure sentences. Generally speaking, just like English, the subject comes at the beginning of the sentence, and followed by predicate and object.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u5929\u6c14|\u5f88\u51b7 (ti\u0101n q\u00ec|h\u011bn l\u011bng): The weather is cold<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In this sentence, weather is the subject and cold is predicate word<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u6211|\u5728\u770b\u4e66 (w\u01d2 z\u00e0i |k\u00e0n sh\u016b): I am reading a book<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>I is the subject, reading a book is the predicate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u660e\u5929|\u5723\u8bde\u8282 (m\u00edng ti\u0101n|sh\u00e8ng d\u00e0n ji\u00e9): Tomorrow is Christmas<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u4ed6|\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u4eba (t\u0101|sh\u00ec g\u00e8 h\u01ceo r\u00e9n): He is a good man<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u6211|\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u751f\u6d3b\u5341\u5e74\u4e86 (w\u01d2|z\u00e0i b\u011bi j\u012bng sh\u0113ng hu\u00f3 sh\u00ed ni\u00e1n le): I have lived in Beijing for ten years<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u7981\u6b62|\u5438\u70df (j\u00ecn zh\u01d0|x\u012b y\u0101n): No smoking<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>As you can find the above sentences have the same order as English sentence. In the following part, you will find a few differences in structure between Chinese and English.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the subject predicate sentence, the special feature of the subject is that the <span class=\"has-inline-color has-accent-color\">predicate words can act as the subject<\/span>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u6765\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e0a\u5b66|\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684 (l\u00e1i sh\u00e0ng h\u01cei sh\u00e0ng xu\u00e9 | sh\u00ec zh\u00e8ng qu\u00e8 de :):<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Come to Shanghai for education is right (Direct translation)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is a right decision to come to Shanghai for education<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u8fc7\u5206\u8c26\u865a|\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u865a\u4f2a\u4e86(gu\u00f2 f\u00e8n qi\u0101n x\u016b | ji\u00f9 xi\u01cen de x\u016b w\u011bi le):<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Being too modest makes you hypocritical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u5403\u5f97\u592a\u9971|\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5065\u5eb7 (ch\u012b de t\u00e0i b\u01ceo | b\u00f9 l\u00ec y\u00fa ji\u00e0n k\u0101ng):<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Eating too much is bad for your health<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u62bd\u70df|\u5bf9\u8eab\u4f53\u6709\u5bb3 (ch\u014du y\u0101n | du\u00ec sh\u0113n t\u01d0 y\u01d2u h\u00e0i):<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Smoking is bad to your health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are also many characteristics of predicates, such as <span class=\"has-inline-color has-accent-color\">numerals, quantifiers, pronouns can be used as predicates<\/span>. Such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u5979|\u4e2d\u7b49\u8eab\u6750\uff0c\u5706\u8138\u86cb\uff0c\u4e00\u526f\u5b69\u5b50\u6c14 (t\u0101|zh\u014dng d\u011bng sh\u0113n c\u00e1i\uff0cyu\u00e1n li\u01cen d\u00e0n\uff0cy\u012b f\u00f9 h\u00e1i zi q\u00ec):<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>She is of medium build, round face and childish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u5bb6\u91cc|\u5c31\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba (ji\u0101 l\u01d0|ji\u00f9 t\u0101 y\u012b g\u00e8 r\u00e9n ):<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The Family he is the only one. (Direct translation)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He&#8217;s the only one in the family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u660e\u5929|\u65b0\u5e74 (m\u00edng ti\u0101n|x\u012bn ni\u00e1n)\uff1a<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tomorrow is the new year<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-accent-color\">Adjectives and their phrases do not need binding words and can be used as predicates directly<\/span>. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u4ed6|\u5f88\u80fd\u5e72 (t\u0101|h\u011bn n\u00e9ng g\u00e0n): He&#8217;s very capable.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u8fd9\u5b69\u5b50|\u5f88\u806a\u660e (zh\u00e8 h\u00e1i zi|h\u011bn c\u014dng m\u00edng): This kid is smart.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u8fd9\u4efd\u5de5\u4f5c|\u6bd4\u8f83\u8f9b\u82e6 (zh\u00e8 f\u00e8n g\u014dng zu\u00f2|b\u01d0 ji\u00e0o x\u012bn k\u01d4): This job is hard.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/still-life-4162597_1920-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-762\" width=\"606\" height=\"402\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Non-Subject+Predicate+Object Sentense Structure <\/strong><strong>\u975e\u4e3b\u8bed\u8c13\u8bed\u5bbe\u8bed\u53e5\u578b<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>\u975e<\/strong><strong>\/f<\/strong><strong>\u0113<\/strong><strong>i&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>\u4e3b\u8bed<\/strong><strong>\/zh<\/strong><strong>\u01d4<\/strong><strong>y<\/strong><strong>\u01d4<\/strong><strong>&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>\u8c13\u8bed<\/strong><strong>\/w<\/strong><strong>\u00e8<\/strong><strong>iy<\/strong><strong>\u01d4<\/strong><strong>&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>\u5bbe\u8bed<\/strong><strong>\/b\u012bn y\u01d4<\/strong><strong>\u53e5\u578b<\/strong><strong>\/j<\/strong><strong>\u00f9<\/strong><strong>x<\/strong><strong>\u00ed<\/strong><strong>ng&nbsp; )<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are also a considerable number of sentences that are not subject + predicate structure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) <span class=\"has-inline-color has-accent-color\">Sentences with twisted order between subjects and its phrases<\/span>: phrases at the begining, and followed by subject<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u597d\u9999\u7684\uff5c\u996d\u83dc\u5440 (h\u01ceo xi\u0101ng de\uff5cf\u00e0n c\u00e0i ya): What a delicious meal!<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\uff5c\u6821\u56ed (w\u01d2 men de\uff5cxi\u00e0o yu\u00e1n): Our campus.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u4e00\u672c\uff5c\u4e66 (y\u012b b\u011bn\uff5csh\u016b): A book.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff5c\u770b\u6cd5 (du\u00ec y\u00fa zh\u00e8 g\u00e8 w\u00e8n t\u00ed de\uff5ck\u00e0n f\u01ce): Views on this issue<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u79d1\u5b66\uff5c\u53d1\u660e (k\u0113 xu\u00e9\uff5cf\u0101 m\u00edng): Scientific invention<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u5feb\u4e50\u5730\uff5c\u751f\u6d3b (ku\u00e0i l\u00e8 de\uff5csh\u0113ng hu\u00f3): Live happily<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u5c0f\u58f0\u5730\uff5c\u8bb2\u8bdd (xi\u01ceo sh\u0113ng de\uff5cji\u01ceng hu\u00e0): Speak in a low voice<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u660e\u5929\uff5c\u89c1 (m\u00edng ti\u0101n\uff5cji\u00e0n): See you tomorrow<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(2) Sentences with <span class=\"has-inline-color has-accent-color\">predicate + object structure<\/span>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u4e0b\uff5c\u96e8\u4e86 (xi\u00e0\uff5cy\u01d4 le): It&#8217;s raining<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u51fa\uff5c\u592a\u9633\u4e86(ch\u016b\uff5ct\u00e0i y\u00e1ng le): It&#8217;s sunshine now<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u89c9\u5f97\uff5c\u5f88\u7d2f (ju\u00e9 de\uff5ch\u011bn l\u00e8i): Feel really tired.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uff083\uff09Sentences with <span class=\"has-inline-color has-accent-color\">predicate + complement structure<\/span>. For example<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u8dd1\u5f97\uff5c\u6ee1\u5934\u6c57 (p\u01ceo d\u00e9\uff5cm\u01cen t\u00f3u h\u00e0n): Sweating all over the head<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u5403\u7684\uff5c\u592a\u9971\u4e86 (ch\u012b de\uff5ct\u00e0i b\u01ceo le): Eat too much<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u8d70\uff5c\u51fa\u53bb (z\u01d2u\uff5cch\u016b q\u00f9): Walk out<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u597d\u5f97\uff5c\u5f88 (h\u01ceo d\u00e9\uff5ch\u011bn): It&#8217;s very good.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u5012\uff5c\u5728\u5730\u4e0a (d\u01ceo\uff5cz\u00e0i d\u00ec sh\u00e0ng): Fall to the ground.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(4) Sentences with <span class=\"has-inline-color has-accent-color\">other structures<\/span>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u8bf7\u8fdb (q\u01d0ng j\u00ecn): Come in<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u6211\u7684 (w\u01d2 de): Its mine.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u8c01\u7684 (sh\u00e9i de): Whose?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u8bf7\u4f60\u6765\u4e00\u4e0b (q\u01d0ng n\u01d0 l\u00e1i y\u012b xi\u00e0): Please come.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uff085\uff09A <span class=\"has-inline-color has-accent-color\">single word<\/span>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u8c01 (sh\u00e9i): Who?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u6211 (w\u01d2): Me<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u5feb (ku\u00e0i): Come on<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u8d70 (z\u01d2u): Go<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>As we can see from the above examples, in general aspect, from the order of subject and predicate, the English and Chinese expression order is consistent. For some auxiliary elements, such as the subject, object and other main attributives, Chinese and English sentenses adopt different ways, that is, Chinese takes the way of preposition, while English takes the way of postposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" class=\"wp-image-781\" style=\"width: 28px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/\u65e5\u5386-1.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/\u65e5\u5386-1.png 200w, https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/\u65e5\u5386-1-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/> <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-accent-color\">Time (when)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Time expressions come before or after the subject.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u6211\u6628\u5929\u53bb\u6e38\u6cf3\u4e86(w\u01d2 zu\u00f3 ti\u0101n q\u00f9 y\u00f3u y\u01d2ng le )<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-secondary-color\">Chinese<\/span> sentense structure: I yesterday went to swimming.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-secondary-color\">English <\/span>sentese structure: Yesterday I went to swimming<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" class=\"wp-image-778\" style=\"width: 28px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/\u5730\u5740.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/\u5730\u5740.png 200w, https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/\u5730\u5740-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/> <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-accent-color\">Place (where)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To indicate where an event happened, the place expression comes after the subject and before the verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u6211\u5728\u5546\u573a\u91cc\u89c1\u5230\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb (w\u01d2 z\u00e0i sh\u0101ngch\u01ceng li ji\u00e0nd\u00e0o le w\u01d2 de p\u00e9ngyou)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-secondary-color\">Chinese<\/span> sentense structure: I in the shopping mall met my friend.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-secondary-color\">English<\/span> sentense structure: I met my friend in the shopping mall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" class=\"wp-image-782\" style=\"width: 28px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/\u7528\u6237\u7fa4.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/\u7528\u6237\u7fa4.png 200w, https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/\u7528\u6237\u7fa4-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/> <strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-accent-color\">Object<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is usually placed after the verb, but other possibilities include before the verb, before the subject, or even removed. Conversational Chinese often excludes both the subject and the object when they communicate the same thing, the context make clear senses to audiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>We hope that you\u2019ve found this post helpful in starting to understand Chinese grammar and Chinese sentence structure.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Screenshot-2020-07-26-at-1.13.25-PM-675x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-433\" width=\"332\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Screenshot-2020-07-26-at-1.13.25-PM-675x1024.png 675w, https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Screenshot-2020-07-26-at-1.13.25-PM-198x300.png 198w, https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Screenshot-2020-07-26-at-1.13.25-PM-768x1166.png 768w, https:\/\/www.maayot.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Screenshot-2020-07-26-at-1.13.25-PM.png 850w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 332px) 100vw, 332px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Want to boost your C<\/strong>hinese?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"maayo-789905485\" class=\"maayo-content maayo-entity-placement\"><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n  @import url(https:\/\/assets.mlcdn.com\/fonts.css?version=1690970);\r\n<\/style>\r\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n  .ml-form-embedSubmitLoad{display:inline-block;width:20px;height:20px}.g-recaptcha{transform:scale(1);-webkit-transform:scale(1);transform-origin:0 0;-webkit-transform-origin:0 0}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0}.ml-form-embedSubmitLoad:after{content:\" 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